Phase portrait of a mirror-symmetric universe
In the previous chapter, we put forward the hypothesis that our material world has its mirror antipode - the world of physical vacuum - aether. It differs from the classical empty vacuum - space by the fact that it contains matter (maximons) and the potential energy of its connection in the bound state. It also differs by the fact that it can generate new photons, electrons, and other elementary particles, which consist of maximons in the same way as planets and stones consist of atoms. Although the world of ether was introduced based on purely formal principles, relying only on the laws of scale symmetry, further analysis showed that this unknown world allows us to find real ways out of many contradictions of modern physics.
In this chapter, we shall consider only one but very important consequence of the hypothesis put forward - the THERMODYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE.
FREE REASONING
It is well known that all processes in the Universe go with the release of heat, which is fixed in the second beginning of thermodynamics. A simple generalization of this phenomenon led physicists to the conclusion about the heat death of the Universe. In recent years, in works on synergetics, this conclusion has been carefully circumvented by separating closed and unclosed systems. However, within the framework of traditional cosmology, the question of the Universe's non-closedness has no physical interpretation. It is unclear where the Universe should be "unclosed" if it is the whole world. Synergetics introduces a certain flow of negentropy, which comes from outside into an open system and thus removes the possibility of its rapid degradation. But where does the flow of non-entropy from outside the Universe come from, if there is nothing outside it (according to the generally accepted model)? Where is the "faucet" from which this grace pours into the Universe and prevents it from "drying up"?
The vagueness of all these questions makes astrophysicists and cosmologists consider the Universe still a closed system and conclude that its heat death is inevitable. Here arises a very paradoxical situation. According to the thermodynamic theory, in the Universe, all processes should lead to degradation, but the analysis of observational data shows that in the Universe in the foreseeable past, the complexity of structures only increases.
A similar conclusion can be drawn for the Solar System. The Biosphere is no exception. There is no doubt that the information complexity of human civilization is also increasing. The question arises: where does all this diversity of the world come from and why is it, contrary to the second principle of thermodynamics, only growing?
Failing to find the source of the constant increase of the information complexity of the Universe, cosmology makes a paradoxical, but logically, the only conclusion available to it: the modern Universe is the consequence of a single and random non-entropic burst, which gave impetus to all development processes in the past, and what we have today is just an inertial phase of this phenomenon. Sooner or later, the consequences of this surge under the pressure of chaos and thermal disorder will be destroyed, and the world will roll again along the "correct" path - to degradation and simplification.
Consequently, according to this version, in the infinite past and infinite future, the world is chaotic and disorderly, but in some fragment of its history there was an incredible surge of negentropy, due to which we - observers and children of this surge - appeared, but we have no future, as the world will still return to the "normal" chaotic state. Terrible philosophy.
Let's note once again that this paradox is not imposed artificially by some demonic forces, it arises from a simple discrepancy between two obvious and obvious, repeatedly checked and not causing doubts in competent experts facts, namely - between the fact of heat generation at any processes and the fact of increasing complexity of the Universe.
Thus, the "salvation" solution, which scientists proposed, laying a gigantic, but still random burst of non-entropy in the basis of evolution, is the only solution for traditional science. On the whole, this solution is a surrogate solution, for any randomness is an unrecognized regularity, and by taking such a solution, science has simply "swept the problem under the rug". This approach is an elegant way to give a quasi-scientific and quasi-logical explanation to one's ignorance, a way to keep a good game with a bad one. But even this palliative does not stand up to criticism as soon as we move from the phenomena of rather distant and vaguely calculated cosmology to a more clearly realized field - biology. Let us take just one very simple fact.
The fact is that all protein molecules are left-handed. At the same time, no physical factors that could lead to such a total left-turning situation have been found. In classical science, only the factor of chance remains.
However, "...calculations show that the probability of spontaneous origin of even the most primitive organisms in nature is absolutely excluded. Thus, it is calculated that to be able to live, the simplest living organism must consist of at least 239 protein molecules. The probability that all amino acids will be left-handed is \(10^{-71}\). The impossibility of this event is demonstrated, in particular, by the fact that the number of all protein molecules that have ever existed on the Earth does not exceed \(10^{52}\), and the probability that a simple combination of 239 left-rotating protein molecules alone would occur by chance, in the previously inanimate nature of the Earth, with the quantitative equality of left- and right-rotating protein molecules, is extremely small and practically impracticable, since it is only \(10^{-29345}\). "1
Therefore, there can be no talk of the accidental origin of life.
Let us repeat once again the main contradiction of thermodynamics. Local observations of physical phenomena undeniably testify to the dissipation of energy in the form of heat in any process. Generalization of this indisputable observation to the entire Universe leads to the conclusion about the inevitability of heat death and the dominance of the processes of destruction over the processes of creation. But global observations of the development of the Universe and analysis of the development of life on Earth undeniably testify to the dominance of processes of complication, processes of creation. Between these two facts, it is possible to find a logically consistent connection, as we will show further, only through a large-scale dimension. Here we will give only a preliminary approach to the problem.
Fig. 2.34. The range of infrared wavelengths. It can be seen that its scale center coincides almost perfectly with the S - Center of the Universe (SCU).
Let us start with the analysis of all entropic processes in the phase space "scale-stability" (S-S DIAGRAM). If all processes in the microcosm and megamir lead to heat generation, then everything in this world will sooner or later end in thermal (infrared) radiation. Let's ask ourselves a question, where on the S-axis is the range of infrared rays (IR)? The answer is in any physics reference book: the IR range occupies a segment of three orders of magnitude from \(7.7 \times 10^{-5}\) to \(10^{-1}\) cm. And if we plot this segment on the S-axis and divide it in half (Fig. 2.34), we get a point that coincides almost perfectly with the S - Center of the Universe (SCU). This fact is of great interest. In addition, observations show that the maximum thermal emission of most bodies is indeed in the SCU range, i.e., the middle order within the entire infrared range. But this is either a fantastic coincidence or a unique pattern! Let's forget about infrared radiation for a moment. Let's consider the S - Global Trough (SGT) from the position of abstract energetics. Any movement downward, to the lower point of stability, must be accompanied by the release of potential energy and its transformation into kinetic energy. Moreover, since all movements lead to the lower point, formally, it is here that the cascade process of energy transformation into some scale-centered form should end (see Fig. 2.35).
Fig. 2.35. Scheme of energy flows of the Universe on the fractal surface of the S - Global Trough. 1 - chemical oxidation (combustion); 2 - nuclear energy; 3 - hypothetical energy of electron nuclei released in galaxy nuclei.
It will be logical to depict this process as the energy flowing down from the two slopes of the SGT to the middle point. It is here where all the energy of the Universe in the form of heat is really collected. Thus, our rather abstract model turned out to be a large-scale interpretation of the second beginning of thermodynamics. But in the second beginning, there is no word about scale symmetry, while the S - Global Trough model is surprisingly symmetric.
So, figuratively speaking, there is a thermal energy flow into the S - Center of the Universe (SCU). Let us construct a generalized diagram of energy processes in the Universe (see Fig. 2.36). All dynamic processes in the left part (in the microcosm) lead to the lower stability point of the global S - Global Trough to the right (vector "1"), and all processes in the megaworld lead to the same point to the left (vector "2"). At the same time, all processes at all scale levels of the Universe lead to heat generation (vector "3"). On the model of the global MF-TROUGH it can be depicted as three vectors. Dynamics of the microcosm "1" and megamir "2" lead to the appearance of excess heat "3" - so far this conclusion does not bring anything new, being only a parametric portrait of the second beginning of thermodynamics on the M-U DIAGRAM. The only thing new here, perhaps, is that the heat vector is located on the S-axis exactly at its center!
So, any process in the Universe eventually sends into the etheric space a dynamic excitation with a wavelength corresponding to the S - Center of the Universe (SCU). Thus, figuratively speaking, every process in the Universe is "taxed with heat tax": "If you want to do something, heat up the space" - the more you do, the more you heat up. And there is no way to escape from this "tax service" of the Universe. This is the second beginning of thermodynamics. What is the collected "tax" spent on? Classical physics sees only one thing - the chaos of heat death. But it is not so, everything in the Universe is reasonable. Let's show it on the phase diagram.
Earlier we put forward a formal systemic HYPOTHESIS that the physical vacuum is a mirror material connected material world of the Universe. If we take into account the history of science, then further we can speak about the Ether, which fills all spaces in a certain way and reacts to changes in it in a holistic way - as a continuous medium. I.e., in the author's opinion, the ether is a homogeneous medium of maximons.
Earlier we PROPOSED that this medium expands at mega-levels and contracts at micro-levels (see Fig. 2.36). At the same time, we did not ask ourselves where the energy for this process comes from. Now we can assume that it is supplied by thermal fluctuations of maximon - "3", and it is these thermal fluctuations that provide expansion of space "-2" and collapse of its parts "-1".
Let's consider the path of energy on the phase diagram to the end (see Fig. 2.36). The right branch of etheric expansion "-2" closes to the right branch of gravitational contraction (vector "2"). The left branch of micro-compression of the maximon structure "-1" closes to the left branch of the real expansion "1".
Fig. 2.36. Full thermodynamic cycle of the Universe on the S-diagram: 1 - expansion energy; 2 - compression energy; 3 - heat energy; (-1) - energy of matter collapse; (-2) - energy of space expansion
In essence, we obtain some LINEAR VARIATION of the vortex on the SCALE stability DIAGRAM (see Fig. 2.37). Up to now, classical science has considered all phenomena that are related only to the lower part of this vortex, so the above-mentioned global worldview contradictions arose.
So, according to the logic of the scale-phase diagram:
- EXPANSION OF ETHER SPACE TURNS TO COMPRESSION OF MATTER (GENERATION OF GRAVITATION),
- THE COLLAPSE OF SPACE TURNS TO THE EXPANSION OF THE MATERIAL STRUCTURE, THE FORMATION OF MATERIAL PARTICLES (WEAK FORCES).
Thus, we obtain a preliminary model of the Universal "perpetual motion machine", in which energy continuously flows from one form to another (see Fig. 2.37). This logical scheme can be compared to a peculiar Möbius ribbon, where the world and the anti-world imperceptibly pass into each other, changing places in dynamic scale orientation, and where there is neither beginning nor end.
Thermal radiation acts as an energy "bridge" between the two worlds. This formulation of the question removes the problem of the heat death of the Universe, the problem of continuous entropy growth. Yes, entropy grows on one side of the Universal "Möbius ribbon", but it is immediately transformed into the creative activity of four (or five) types of basic interactions of the material Universe on the other side of this Universal "ribbon". We will consider in more detail how new information arises due to the expansion of the Universe and pulsations of maximon in the next chapter.
Let us now try to move cautiously from phase models to traditional physical models. For this purpose, at the first step, we only need to obtain a simple logically non-contradictory scheme.
All processes in the Universe release heat (process "3" is going on), which heats up the ether. Aether expands - the process "-2" is going on. Local heating of the Aether leads to thermal inhomogeneity in separate points of space, which begin to "boil", which leads to the decompression of the Aether and the appearance of gravitational forces as a result - process "2".
The connection between gravitation and aether densification is discussed in the author's book "The Boiling Vacuum of the Universe," Moscow: New Center, 2005.
In the decompressed regions of the Aether "openwork" constructions of maximon - from particles to galaxy clusters - are formed. Due to the absorption of heat by the Aether during collapse processes, these "bubbles" sooner or later collapse (process "-1"), for example, stars turn into black holes. The pressure in the ether and its temperature fall.
So, if in one place the ether expands and loosens, in another place it contracts and compacts. These processes are going on throughout the Universe in parallel in time, but opposite in scale direction. In the process of compression and densification, the matter is destroyed first to atoms (WHITE DWARF), then to nucleons (NEUTRON STAR), then to photons, and finally to maximon (BLACK HOLE).
Maximon, these first bricks of everything in the Universe, are freed from structural dependence (the same as with a building dismantled to bricks) and become independent, which turns their potential energy of connection in the structure of matter into kinetic energy of independent motion.
Fig. 2.37. Conditional torus diagram of the thermodynamic cycle of the Universe on the S-diagram. It can be seen that the closed thermodynamic cycle of the Universe can be represented as a scaled torus, whose different branches are perceived by us as different types of forces in the Universe
Free maximon can reassemble in the places of ether decompression into new systems: elementary particles, atoms, molecules, etc. The process "1" is going on. - there is a process "1". Gravitation gathers cosmic bodies from the process "2" is going on. At the same time, excessive heat is released - process "3" is going on. And so on without end.
Above we started the consideration from the stage of heat generation. In an infinite Möbius ribbon it is absolutely indifferent from which point we start moving and where - to the left or to the right, the whole cycle will still be described. Let us show it by an example.
To begin with, the space of the Universe is expanding. As a result of this process, local tensile stresses appear in some points of etheric space. Etheric space begins to tear in these places, forming voids (disintegrated regions of the etheric medium). These voids, dislocations and inhomogeneities are of different scales: from the smallest bubbles (photons) to the global foam of the Metagalactic structure. In places of discontinuities, the kinetic energy is higher, and its excess part is absorbed by the ether in the form of thermal radiation, which, in turn, heats the etheric space and leads to discontinuities in its individual places. The Paris Academy of Sciences should give its prize for the invention of the perpetual motion machine to the Lord God.
Of course, the proposed scheme is still only a logical HYPOTHESIS, which needs detailed elaboration and therefore does not pretend to formally calculate specific physical phenomena. But even in such a simplified and rudimentary form, it allows us to find new aspects of thermodynamic processes in the Universe, which allows us to look at well-known facts in a completely different way.
Example one. Consider the stars. The lion's share of thermal energy comes from stars. It is in the nuclei of stars that the process of thermonuclear synthesis of atomic nuclei takes place. The nuclei of atoms are scales on the order of \(10^{-13}\) cm, and the nuclei of stars are scales on the order of \(10^7\) cm. Both points are located symmetrically (!) with respect to the ICV: to the left and to the right by 10 orders of magnitude (see Fig. 2.35). Thus, the lion's share of heat enters the etheric medium due to the scale-symmetric process, which takes place simultaneously at the junctions of electromagnetic forces with weak and gravitational forces. It is unlikely that this symmetry is an accident. Probably, this symmetry is obligatory for any process of heat generation.
To check this, a more thorough investigation of the scale symmetry of thermodynamic processes is necessary. Here we will not delve into this interesting but complicated area. Let us consider only two more examples of thermodynamic scale symmetry.
Example two. Man (\(10^2\) cm) is the only creature in the Biosphere that receives heat (in addition to solar heat) due to the artificially supported combustion process - chemical oxidation of atoms (\(10^{-8}\) cm). Isn't it remarkable that here too we see a scale-symmetric process (see Fig. 2.35), but with a coefficient of \(10^5\)?
Example three. Relatively recently it was discovered that quasars and nuclei of Seyfert galaxies (\(10^{17}\) cm) emit most of their energy in the infrared region of the spectrum. Based on the principle of scale symmetry (see Fig. 2.35), we can put forward the PROPOSITION that in galaxy nuclei (and in quasars) the source of energy is not thermonuclear processes (\(10^{-13}\) cm), but symmetrically located on the S-axis relative to the SCU processes occurring at a deeper level of matter (\(10^{-23}\) cm, presumably - electron nuclei). Naturally, energy at these levels is many orders of magnitude more efficient than at the level of the thermonuclear process. Maybe this explains the huge amount of released energy in quasars and exploding galaxies like M82 (or the Swan-A radio galaxy, see Fig. 2.21), where, according to the most cautious estimates, up to \(10^{64}\) erg of heat is released. Astrophysicists' calculations show that even an improbable simultaneous transition to helium of the substance of the entire galaxy, consisting entirely of hydrogen, would yield only \(10^{63}\) erg 2. Since even such a completely improbable process cannot provide the energy of the observed explosion, it is legitimate to move from the nuclear shelf scale to a deeper one where much more energy can be released for the same mass.
Thus, if the discovered scale symmetry of thermodynamic processes knows no exceptions, then there arises a fascinating task of rethinking all known and supposed processes in the Universe, going with heat generation. The question arises: whether the scale symmetry is preserved for other processes?
At the same time, the uniqueness of the location of the SCU on the S-axis is once again confirmed, because, for systems with SCU dimensions, heat can be released only under the influence of the holistic motion of the object itself. The extreme arms of thermodynamic scale branches here are pulled down almost to a point (see Fig. 2.35).
All cells, as we remember, are located in the MCV. This leads to a fantastic PROPOSAL: the source of the cell's motion (pulsations) is on the scale of the range of the MCV. Maybe the cell gets its energy directly from the ether? Maybe part of its energy is the so-called relic radiation?
Comparing the energy of a cell with the energy of a star, based on schemes 2.35 and 2.38, we can note a significant difference. The core of a star as an integral object of mega-size (\(10^7\) cm) is supported by processes going on at the level of microscale (\(10^{-13}\) cm). The cell as a macroscale object (~ \(10^{-3}\) cm), according to the logic of the proposed schemes, should be supported by the processes going on the same scales (~ \(10^{-3}\) cm).
Hence, the CELL is the only dynamic object that is ENERGETICALLY MASSIVELY SELF-SAFE. What thermodynamic mysteries of the living cell are behind this conclusion? If we develop further the model of scale-torus vortices (see Fig. 2.37), a simple extrapolation allows us, taking into account the above, to construct a generalized model of S-parameter torus vortices (see Fig. 2.38). Among them, the most obvious are those associated with the lower points of the **S - Wave of stability, ** for it is there that matter is in the most stable state, so it is there that the potential energy density is greatest, so it is there that nature extracts the greatest amount of kinetic energy, which is eventually transformed into thermal energy.
CONCLUSIONS.
Thus, we are convinced by many examples that the dynamics of the motion of the Universe objects along the S-axis has its special specificity, which is revealed and partially investigated in this paper. The large-scale dynamics of processes have a number of important regularities.
First, very many fundamentally important displacements of systems along the S-axis occur scale-symmetrically.
Second, it was found that all slopes of the S - Wave of stability have their own "preference sign" in the dominance of synthesis or division processes. The boundaries between these zones on the S-axis are the upper and lower points of the SWS. Thus, it was possible to introduce the notion of a CONDITIONAL SPACE "SCALE-stability", in which the movements of all systems are subordinated to some general regularities, which significantly expands the possibilities of applying the principles of scale similarity.
Thirdly, it turned out that the whole S-band of the Universe is a complete and very logically understandable phase diagram, in which each of the forces of interactions known to physics is just a facet of one of the transitions of the general process of matter movement along the S-axis.
Fig. 2.38. Phase S-diagram of the formation of scale-symmetric heat flows in the Universe:
1. man (\(10^2\) cm) burning fuel releases energy from the atomic level (\(10^{-8}\) cm);
2. in the depths of stars, in their nuclei (\(10^7\) cm) the process of nuclear synthesis (\(10^{-13}\) cm) takes place, as a result of which thermal energy is released;
3. it can be assumed that in active nuclei of galaxies (\(10^{17}\) cm), such as the galaxy M82, there is energy release at the scale level of the assumed electron nuclei (\(10^{-23}\) cm);
4. all closes the Large Thermodynamic Cycle of the Universe (\(10^{28}\) cm), in which the binding energy of maximon (\(10^{-33}\) cm) is extracted.
P. S. Cycles 3 and 5 are not considered
Fourthly, the analysis of the regularities of the behavior of matter on the phase DIAGRAM SCALE-stability allowed us to make a very original PROPOSITION about the existence of a mirror world, the processes which are carried out mainly through the maximon medium (ether). Based on this assumption, it was possible to construct a logically consistent qualitative thermodynamic diagram for the Universe.
All of the above indicates that not only the static arrangement of the main classes and structurally symmetric properties of systems on the S-axis is subject to a strict order, but also the dynamics of the movement of systems along the S-axis have a quite logical regularity, which has signs of symmetry, cyclicity, closedness, and many other properties. This suggests that the S-axis is not just a formal parameter reflecting quantitative characteristics of systems (number of elements in the system, occupied space, etc.).
The S-DIMENSION OF THE UNIVERSE has so many symmetry properties of its own and so many laws of its own that it remains to PROPOSE that it is the FOURTH SPATIAL DIMENSION OF OUR WORLD, which has its own laws of symmetry, its own order, and its own laws of dynamics. In other words, movement along the S-axis has a qualitative physical basis.
From this, it is possible to draw a fundamentally new CONCLUSION, that THERE IS A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN LARGE-SCALE FORCE (S-Force) ACTING ALONG THE S-AXIS, WHICH HAS YET TO BE EXPLORED BY SCIENCE, and that there is a S- INTERACTION, which, in fact, is unifying for all previously known interactions.
Moreover, it is not even a fifth force, which is currently being searched for by many researchers all over the world. We are talking about a certain UNIFIED FIELD OF THE UNIVERSE, the facets of which we study as those or other types of interactions, which are nothing more than LOCAL SCALED SLICES OF THE GENERAL SCALED FIELD. Thus, gravity is a mega-slice of the scale field, electromagnetic forces are a macro-slice, etc.
The PROPOSAL of the existence of scale interaction, scale force, and scale field is obtained on the basis of the generalization of a large amount of factual material. Therefore, it becomes necessary to consider the prerequisites for the construction of THE UNITED THEORY OF SCALE INTERACTION.